answers1: Carotenoids are usually red, orange, or yellow pigments, and
include the familiar compound carotene, which gives carrots their
color. These compounds are composed of two small six-carbon rings
connected by a "chain" of carbon atoms. As a result, they do not
dissolve in water, and must be attached to membranes within the cell.
Carotenoids cannot transfer sunlight energy directly to the
photosynthetic pathway, but must pass their absorbed energy to
chlorophyll. For this reason, they are called accessory pigments. One
very visible accessory pigment is fucoxanthin the brown pigment which
colors kelps and other brown algae as well as the diatoms.
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